Arrivals and routes

Irregular entry routes into the European Union, with the monthly series since 2009 and the breakdown by declared nationality.

Before reading these figures. Frontex counts border crossings, not people. The file says so itself: the same person may cross the external border several times, and no system tracks individual movements. These figures cannot be added to the Italian Ministry of the Interior's landings or to UNHCR data, which count people.

Detections at irregular border crossings in the EU, January–August of each year since 2009

0137,500275,000412,500550,000200920122015201820212024UE76,7780137,500275,000412,500550,000200920112013201520172019202120232025UE76,778
What it shows

Detections recorded by Frontex at all the external borders of the Union, summed over January–August, the same months for every year.

How to read it

This is the longest series on the site: it is here to give today its measure. The comparison is month-for-month and the axis starts at zero. Frontex counts detections, not people.

Source: Frontex (archived copy)·Figures as of 31 August 2026·Download CSV
View the data as a table
Detections at irregular border crossings in the EU, January–August of each year since 2009
Perioddetections
200971,226
201062,596
2011101,613
201254,097
201360,555
2014161,412
2015535,214
2016418,190
2017146,014
201892,612
201970,763
202064,342
2021107,874
2022192,001
2023230,878
2024142,845
2025114,661
202676,778

Which routes, year by year: January–August from 2009 to 2026

0137,500275,000412,500550,0002009201220152018202120242026
Central MediterraneanEastern MediterraneanWestern BalkansWestern MediterraneanAlbania-GreeceWest African AtlanticEastern bordersBlack SeaOther
What it shows

The same detections as the chart above, split by entry route. The height of each band is its route, the total height is the total.

How to read it

This shows something the total hides: the total can fall while a single route rises. In 2015 almost every detection was on the Eastern Mediterranean; today they are split across several routes. The colours separate the bands and mean nothing: no route is worse than another.

Source: Frontex (archived copy)·Figures as of 31 August 2026·Download CSV
View the data as a table
Which routes, year by year: January–August from 2009 to 2026
RouteDetections
Central Mediterranean912,225
Eastern Mediterranean849,574
Western Balkans555,776
Western Mediterranean166,936
Albania-Greece88,851
West African Atlantic83,511
Eastern borders46,158
Black Sea610
Other30

Routes compared, January–August 2026

Eastern Mediterranean27,031-16% vs 2025
202627,031
202532,173
Trend 2015–2026
Central Mediterranean19,634-54% vs 2025
202619,634
202542,804
Trend 2015–2026
Western Mediterranean15,193+28% vs 2025
202615,193
202511,876
Trend 2015–2026
Western Balkans5,486-30% vs 2025
20265,486
20257,862
Trend 2015–2026
West African Atlantic5,167-57% vs 2025
20265,167
202512,145
Trend 2015–2026
Eastern borders3,882-48% vs 2025
20263,882
20257,512
Trend 2015–2026
Albania-Greece369+29% vs 2025
2026369
2025287
Trend 2015–2026
Black Sea162 in 2025
202616
20252
Trend 2015–2026
Other0
20260
20250
Trend 2015–2026
What it shows

Detections recorded by Frontex at the external borders of the Union, split by entry route.

How to read it

The two bars are the same period in two different years, on the same scale: they compare with each other and with every other route. The line on the right is the trend over the same months since 2015, and each route has its own scale: it tells you whether that route is rising or falling, not how big it is compared with the others — the bars say that. Frontex counts detections, not people: someone who crosses several times is counted several times.

Source: Frontex (archived copy)·Figures as of 31 August 2026·Download CSV
View the data as a table
Routes compared, January–August 2026
RouteDetections
Eastern Mediterranean27,031
Central Mediterranean19,634
Western Mediterranean15,193
Western Balkans5,486
West African Atlantic5,167
Eastern borders3,882
Albania-Greece369
Black Sea16
Other0

Eastern Mediterranean: detections by month

062,500125,000187,500250,000200920122015201820212024Eastern Mediterranean5,791062,500125,000187,500250,000200920112013201520172019202120232025Eastern Mediterranean5,791
What it shows

The full monthly series published by Frontex for this route.

How to read it

The axis starts at zero. The most recent month may be revised later: Frontex publishes updates as member states consolidate their figures.

Source: Frontex (archived copy)·Figures as of 31 August 2026·Download CSV
View the data as a table
Eastern Mediterranean: detections by month
Perioddetections
2023-0912,971
2023-108,659
2023-115,917
2023-126,796
2024-014,410
2024-025,355
2024-033,878
2024-043,868
2024-054,659
2024-063,631
2024-075,562
2024-087,478
2024-098,732
2024-109,130
2024-118,200
2024-125,045
2025-013,695
2025-022,853
2025-033,235
2025-042,555
2025-053,560
2025-065,020
2025-077,150
2025-084,105
2025-095,390
2025-105,637
2025-113,638
2025-125,664
2026-012,276
2026-021,741
2026-032,678
2026-041,985
2026-053,937
2026-064,935
2026-073,688
2026-085,791

Nationalities declared on landing in Italy, 2026

Bangladesh6,10323%
Algeria3,42013%
Somalia2,93911%
Eritrea2,64910%
Altre2,0068%
Sudan1,9828%
Pakistan1,6666%
Egitto1,5086%
Tunisia1,3925%
Mali4832%
Etiopia4802%
Nigeria3931%
Costa d'Avorio3611%
Sud Sudan3481%
Iran3281%
Guinea3081%
What it shows

Nationalities declared on landing, cumulative since 1 January.

How to read it

This is the declared nationality, not a verified one. The «Other» entry covers every nationality beyond the top fifteen and exists so the figures add up to the total.

Source: Ministero dell’Interno (archived copy)·Figures as of 30 October 2026·provisional·Download CSV
View the data as a table
Nationalities declared on landing in Italy, 2026
Nationalitypeople
Bangladesh6,103
Algeria3,420
Somalia2,939
Eritrea2,649
Altre2,006
Sudan1,982
Pakistan1,666
Egitto1,508
Tunisia1,392
Mali483
Etiopia480
Nigeria393
Costa d'Avorio361
Sud Sudan348
Iran328
Guinea308